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| Latin Names |
English Names |
Sanskrit Name |
Hindi Names |
Nerium indicum
Mill. /
Nerium odorum
Soland. (Apocyanaceae)
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Sweet-Scented
Oleander,
Indian Oleander |
Karavira |
Kaner, Karber,
Kuruvira |
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| Habitat |
It is
found in the Himalayas from Nepal westwards to Kashmir
up to 1,950 m. and in the upper Gangetic plain and Madhya
Pradesh; it grows wild in many other states of India.
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| Morphology
Description (Habit) |
A large
evergreen shrub with milky juice. The leaves are mostly
in whorls of 3, sometimes 2, linear-lanceolate, acuminate
and coriaceous; the flowers are fragrant, white, rose
or red and occur in terminal cymes; the fruit is a connate
follicle; numerous, small seeds tipped with a coma of
light brown hairs are seen.
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| Principal
Constituents |
The roots, bark and
seeds contain cardio-active glycosides, formerly designated as neriodorin,
neriodorein and karabin; the bark also contains scopoletin and scopolin1.
The alcoholic extract of the root bark showed the presence of a -amyrin,
b -sitosterol; the ether fraction showed kaempferol and the chloroform
fraction showed odoroside2.
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| Toxicity |
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In subacute toxicity tests in
rats and rabbits and toxicity tests in rats, N. indicum did not produce
any macroscopic or micoscopic changes in various organs.
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| Indications |
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The glycosides present in the
plant have a paralyzing action on the heart, like digitalin, and a
stimulating action on the spinal cord, like strychnine.
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| Product
Range |
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Inflamin Vet, Rumalaya
Vet.
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| References |
- Chopra, 1958, 515, 568; Modi, 677; Schindler, 145; Rangaswami
& Reichstein, Helv. chim. acta, 1949, 32, 939; Rittel &
Reichstein, ibid., 1954, 37, 1361; Rittel et. al., ibid.,
1953, 36, 434; Pendse & Dutt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Unit. Prov.,
1933-34, 3, 209.
- Satyanarayana et. al., Ind. J. Pharm., 1975, 37, 126.
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