Capsicum annuum (Chilli, Katuvira) has been researched well for its favourable effect in sprains. Its topical application exhibits a good pain relieving and anti-inflammatory activity.

Vitex negundo (Five-Leaved Chaste Tree, Nirgundi) leaves reduce joint swelling in arthritis. An extract of this herb exhibits excellent pain relieving action.

Mentha spicata (Spearmint, Putiha) is useful in treating pain and inflammation of muscles and joints due to its counter irritant actions.

Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian Blue Gum Tree, Tailapatra) oil and Sesamum indicum (Sesame, Til) oil have been found to have potent pain relieving and anti-inflammatory action. They also help reduce joint swelling.

Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil, Tulasi) possesses anti-inflammatory property.

Acorus calamus (Sweetflag, Vacha) improves blood circulation and alleviates swelling. It relieves pain and inflammation.

Ricinus communis (Castor, Eranda) alleviates joint pain associated with rheumatism and osteoarthritis, due to its counter-irritant action.

Piper nigrum (Black Pepper, Maricha) relieves pain and reduces inflammation of the nerves.

Nardostachys jatamansi (Musk Root, Jatamansi) oil extract is a good nervine sedative.